Actions that put a person beyond the pale of Islam.
What are the actions which, if a Muslim does them, he will be an apostate from Islam?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez ibn ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
Note that Allaah has commanded all people to enter Islam and to adhere to it and to beware of whatever is contrary to it. He sent His Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to call mankind to that. He tells us that those who follow him will be guided and that those who turn away from him have gone astray.
In many verses He warns against the means that lead to apostasy and all forms of shirk and kufr. The scholars (may Allaah have mercy on them) have said, when discussing apostasy, that a Muslim may apostatize from his religion by doing many acts that nullify Islam, which makes it permissible to shed his blood and seize his wealth, and which will put him beyond the pale of Islam.
Among the most serious and most common of these things are ten which were mentioned by Shaykh Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhaab and other scholars (may Allaah have mercy on them all). We will mention them in brief here, so that you and others can beware of them, in the hope that you will be safe and sound.
We will also explain a little about them after mentioning each one.
1 – Shirk or associating others in worship with Allaah. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Verily, Allaah forgives not (the sin of) setting up partners (in worship) with Him, but He forgives whom He wills, sins other than that, and whoever sets up partners in worship with Allaah, has indeed strayed far away”
[al-Nisa’ 4:116]
“Verily, whosoever sets up partners (in worship) with Allaah, then Allaah has forbidden Paradise to him, and the Fire will be his abode”
[al-Maa’idah 5:72]
That includes praying to the dead, seeking their help, making vows and offering sacrifices to them or to the jinn or to the grave.
2 – Whoever sets up intermediaries between himself and Allaah, asks them to intercede, and puts his trust in them, is a kaafir according to scholarly consensus.
3 – Whoever does not regard the mushrikeen as kaafirs, or doubts that they are kaafirs, or regards their way as correct, is a kaafir.
4 – Whoever believes that anything other than the teaching of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is more complete than his teachings, or that the rulings of anyone else are better than his rulings – such as those who prefer the rule of false laws to his rulings – is a kaafir.
5 – Whoever hates any part of that which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) brought, even if he acts in accordance with it, is a kaafir, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“That is because they hate that which Allaah has sent down (this Qur’aan and Islamic laws); so He has made their deeds fruitless”
[Muhammad 47:9]
6 – Whoever makes fun of anything in the religion of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), or makes fun of any texts that refer to rewards or punishments, is a kaafir. The evidence for that is the verse
(interpretation of the meaning):
“Say: Was it at Allaah, and His Ayaat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) and His Messenger that you were mocking?
Make no excuse; you disbelieved after you had believed”
[al-Tawbah 9:65-66]
7 – Sihr (witchcraft) – including spells to turn one person against another or to make someone love another. Whoever does this or approves of it is a kaafir. The evidence for that is the verse
(interpretation of the meaning):
“but neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such things) till they had said, ‘We are for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)’”
[al-Baqarah 2:102]
8 – Supporting the mushrikeen and helping them against the Muslims. The evidence for that is the verse in which Allaah says
(interpretation of the meaning):
“O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as Awliyaa’ (friends, protectors, helpers), they are but Awliyaa’ of each other. And if any amongst you takes them (as Awliyaa’), then surely, he is one of them. Verily, Allaah guides not those people who are the Zaalimoon (polytheists and wrongdoers and unjust)”
[al-Maa'idah 5:51]
9 – Whoever believes that some people are allowed to operate outside the law of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) just as al-Khidr operated outside the law of Moosa (peace be upon him) is a kaafir, because Allaah says
(interpretation of the meaning):
“And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted of him, and in the Hereafter he will be one of the losers”
[Aal ‘Imraan 3:85]
10 – Turning away from the religion of Allaah, not learning it and not acting in accordance with it. The evidence for that is the verse
(interpretation of the meaning):
“And who does more wrong than he who is reminded of the Ayaat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) of his Lord, then turns aside therefrom? Verily, We shall exact retribution from the Mujrimoon (criminals, disbelievers, polytheists, sinners)”
[al-Sajdah 32:22]
With regard to all of these acts that nullify Islam, it makes no difference whether a person is joking, serious or afraid, unless he is forced to do it. All of them are very serious, and they all happen a great deal. The Muslim should beware of them and fear falling into them. We seek refuge with Allaah from the things that may incur His wrath and painful punishment.
May Allaah send blessings and peace upon the best of His creation, Muhammad, and upon his family and companions.
The fourth category includes those who believe that the systems and laws devised by men are better than the sharee’ah of Islam, or equal to it; or that it is permissible to refer to them for judgements and rulings, even if he believes that referring to sharee’ah is better; or that the Islamic system is not fit to be applied in the twentieth century; or that it was the cause of the Muslims’ backwardness; or that it should be limited to a person’s relationship with his Lord and not have anything to do with the other affairs of life.
The fourth category also includes those who think that carrying out the ruling of Allaah by cutting off the hand of the thief or stoning the married adulterer is not appropriate in the modern age.
That also includes: everyone who believes that it is permissible to rule according to something other than the laws of Allaah with regard to interactions, hudood punishments or other matters, even if he does not believe that that is better than the ruling of sharee’ah, because by doing so he is regarding as permissible something that Allaah has forbidden according to consensus, and everyone who regards as permissible something that Allaah has forbidden and is well known to be forbidden in Islam, such that no Muslim has any excuse for not knowing that it is forbidden, such as adultery, alcohol and riba, and ruling by something other than the sharee’ah of Allaah, is a kaafir according to the consensus of the Muslims.
We ask Allaah to help us all to do that which pleases Him, and to guide us and all the Muslims to His Straight Path, for He is All Hearing, Ever-Responsive. May Allaah send blessings and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions.
أعمال تُخرج صاحبها من الإسلام
ما هي الأعمال التي إذا عملها المسلم يكون مرتداً عن الإسلام ؟.
الحمد لله
قال الشيخ عبد العزيز بن عبد الله بن باز رحمه الله :
اعلم أيها المسلم أن الله سبحانه أوجب على جميع العباد الدخول في الإسـلام والتمسك به والحـذر مما يخالفه، وبعث نبيه محمداً صلى الله عليه وسلم للدعوة إلى ذلك ، وأخبر عزّ وجلّ أن من اتبعه فقد اهتدى ، ومن أعرض عنه فقد ضل ، وحذر في آيات كثيرات من أسباب الردة، وسائر أنواع الشرك والكفر ، وذكر العلماء رحمهم الله في باب حكم المرتد ، أن المسلم قد يرتد عن دينه بأنواع كثيرة من النواقض التي تحل دمه وماله ، ويكون بها خارجاً عن الإسلام ، ومن أخطرها وأكثرها وقوعاً عشرة نواقض ذكرها الشيخ محمد بن عبد الوهاب وغيره من أهل العلم رحمهم الله جميعاً ونذكرها لك فيما يلي على سبيل الإيجاز ، لتَحْذَرَها وتُحَذِّر منها غيرك ، رجاء السلامة والعافية منها ، مع توضيحات قليلة نذكرها بعدها :
الأول :
الشرك في عبادة الله تعالى ، قال الله تعالى : ( إن الله لا يغفر أن يٌشرك به ويغفر ما دون ذلك لمن يشاء) النساء / 116 ، وقال تعالى :( إنه من يشرك بالله فقد حرم الله عليه الجنة ومأواه النار وما للظالمين من أنصار ) المائدة / 72 ، ومن ذلك دعاء الأموات ، والاستغاثة بهم ، والنذر والذبح لهم كمن يذبح للجن أو للقبر .
الثاني :
من جعل بينه وبين الله وسائط يدعوهم ، ويسألهم الشفاعة ، ويتوكل عليهم ، فقد كفر إجماعاً .
الثالث :
من لم يُكَفِّر المشركين ، أو شَكَّ في كفرهم ، أو صحّح مذهبهم كفر .
الرابع :
من اعتقد أن غير هدي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أكمل من هديه ، أو أن حكم غيره أحسن من حكمه ، كالذي يفضل حكم الطواغيت على حكمه فهو كافر .
الخامس :
من أبغض شيئاً مما جاء به الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم ولو عمل به فقد كفر ، لقوله تعالى : ( ذلك بأنهم كرهوا ما أنزل الله فأحبط أعمالهم ) محمد / 9 .
السادس :
من استهزأ بشيء من دين الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم أو ثوابه ، أو عقابه كفر، والدليل قوله تعالى : ( قل أبالله وآياته ورسوله كنتم تستهزئون * لا تعتذروا قد كفرتم بعد إيمانكم ) التوبة / 65 و 66 .
السابع :
السحر ومنه الصرف والعطف ، فمن فعله أو رضي به كفر، والدليل قوله تعالى : ( وما يعلمان من أحد حتى يقولا إنما نحن فتنة فلا تكفر ) البقرة / 102 .
الثامن :
مظاهـرة المشـركين ومعاونتهـم على المسـلمين، والدليـل قولـه تعالى : ( ومن يتولهم منكم فإنه منهم إن الله لا يهدي القوم الظالمين) المائدة / 51 .
التاسع :
من اعتقد أن بعض الناس يسعه الخروج عن شريعة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم كما وسع الخضر الخروج عن شريعة موسى عليه السلام فهو كافر ؛ لقوله تعالى : ( ومن يبتغ غير الإسلام ديناً فلن يقبل منه وهو في الآخرة من الخاسرين ) آل عمران / 85
العاشر :
الإعراض عن دين الله، لا يتعلمـه ولا يعمـل به ؛ والدليل قوله تعالى : ( ومن أظلم ممن ذٌكر بآيات ربه ثم أعرض عنها إنا من المجرمين منتقمون ) السجدة / 22 .
ولا فرق في جميع هذه النواقض بين الهازل والجاد والخائف، إلا المكره، وكلها من أعظم ما يكون خطراً، وأكثر ما يكون وقوعاً . فينبغي للمسلم أن يحذرها ، ويخاف منها على نفسه ، نعوذ بالله من موجبات غضبه ، وأليم عقابه ، وصلى الله على خير خلقه محمد وآله وصحبه وسلم. انتهى كلامه رحمه الله .
ويدخل في القسم الرابع : من اعتقد أن الأنظمة والقوانين التي يسنها الناس ، أفضل من شريعة الإسلام ، أو أنها مساوية لها ، أو أنه يجوز التحاكم إليها ، ولو اعتقد أن الحكم بالشريعة أفضل ، أو أن نظام الإسلام لا يصلح تطبيقه في القرن العشرين ، أو أنه كان سبباً في تخلف المسلمين ، أو أنه يحصر في علاقة المرء بربه دون أن يتدخل في شؤون الحياة الأخرى .
ويدخل في القسم الرابع : أيضاً من يرى أن إنفاذ حكم الله بقطع يد السارق ، أو رجم الزاني المحصن لا يناسب العصر الحاضر.
ويدخل في ذلك أيضاً : كل من اعتقد أنه يجوز الحكم بغير شريعة الله في المعاملات ، أو الحدود ، أو غيرهما ، وإن لم يعتقد أن ذلك أفضل من حكم الشريعة ، لأنه بذلك يكون قد استباح ما حرم الله إجماعاً وكل من استباح ما حرّم الله مما هو معلوم من الدين بالضرورة ، كالزنى والخمر والربا ، والحكم بغير شريعة الله فهو كافر بإجماع المسلمين .
ونسأل الله أن يوفقنا جميعاً لما يرضيه ، وأن يهدينا وجميع المسلمين صراطه المستقيم إنه سميع قريب وصلى الله وسلم على نبينا محمد وآله وصحبه .
